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        <identifier>oai:kinran.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000026</identifier>
        <datestamp>2023-06-19T11:26:41Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>11:12:14</setSpec>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:creator>水野, 真木子</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>25</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>ミズノ, マキコ</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Mizuno, Makiko</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>26</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>刑事事件</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>言葉の壁</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>司法通訳</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>歴史</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>criminal cases</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>language barrier</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>legal interpreting</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>history</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>Since the old days, human societies have had laws in order to maintain the social order. Lawbreakers have been tried and judged in a way peculiar to the era. When they did not speak the language of the "court", it was necessary to find a way to facilitate communication, such as using interpreters. Languages have always been an integral part of court proceedings. This paper focuses on criminal cases in various eras throughout the history of Japan, and examines how communication barriers were dealt with when foreigners were involved in such cases.</dc:description>
          <dc:description>7</dc:description>
          <dc:description>KJ00004186752</dc:description>
          <dc:description>departmental bulletin paper</dc:description>
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          <dc:identifier>2</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier>21</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier>29</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier>AA12002610</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier>https://kinran.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/26/files/KJ00004186752.pdf</dc:identifier>
          <dc:identifier>https://kinran.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/26</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>jpn</dc:language>
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